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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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White matter development during adolescence as shown by diffusion MRI.

Vincent J Schmithorst1, Weihong Yuan

  • 1Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Dept. of Radiology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Vince.Schmithorst@cchmc.org

Brain and Cognition
|July 25, 2009
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Summary

White matter in the brain continues developing through adolescence. Diffusion MRI studies show changes in white matter organization correlate with cognitive function, but these relationships vary by brain region and sex.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Volumetric MRI studies indicate brain white matter development extends through adolescence and into adulthood.
  • Diffusion MRI offers insights into white matter microstructural development and organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on white matter development and organization using diffusion MRI.
  • To examine the relationship between white matter changes and cognitive function during adolescence.
  • To highlight sex differences in white matter development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing diffusion MRI studies on adolescent brain development.
  • Analysis of trends in fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) with age.
  • Examination of correlations between white matter metrics and cognitive performance.

Main Results:

  • General trends show increasing FA and decreasing MD with age during adolescence, linked to decreasing radial diffusivity.
  • White matter organization changes correlate with cognitive function, though these associations are region-, task-, and population-specific.
  • Evidence suggests sexual dimorphism in white matter development and its relationship with cognition.

Conclusions:

  • White matter undergoes significant development and organizational changes during adolescence.
  • The relationship between white matter architecture and cognitive function is complex and context-dependent.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand adolescent white matter development and its cognitive correlates, including sex-based differences.