Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
Published on: April 11, 2018
A 3D mathematical model to predict spinal joint forces for a child with spina bifida
Chi-Kuang Feng1, Chen-Sheng Chen, Ching-Hsuan Chen
1Veteran General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Children with spina bifida (SB) can exhibit excessive arm swing, trunk sway, and pelvic tilt during walking. To understand the relationship between abnormal low back forces (LBF) and gait disorders in SB, we derived a mathematical model for evaluating LBF in this population. One unimpaired child and a child with SB were tested. A 3D motion analysis system and force plate were used to collect kinematic and ground reaction force data during walking. A mathematical model created using MATLAB software was used to calculate LBF for each child. The LBF for the child with SB was three times greater in the medio-lateral direction than for the unimpaired child. In the anterior-posterior direction, the LBF for the child with SB acted mostly towards the anterior trunk. In addition, the LBF of the child with SB increased by 24.5% of body weight at the fastest walking speed.
Related Concept Videos
Three-Dimensional Force System
Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving
To solve a three-dimensional force system, first resolve each force into its respective scalar components. Do this using...
Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...