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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor
10:33

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

Where have all the T cells gone?

Irini Sereti1

  • 1National Institutes of Health, USA.

Blood
|July 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) administration causes a temporary decrease in T cells in blood, as they move to lymph nodes, skin, and gut. This study provides the first data supporting T cell redistribution as the cause.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Recombinant human interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) has been observed to cause transient T-cell lymphopenia in clinical trials for cancer and HIV.
  • The underlying mechanism for this T-cell depletion has been hypothesized to be tissue redistribution, but lacked direct evidence.

Discussion:

  • This study demonstrates that in vivo administration of IL-7 in Rhesus macaques leads to a significant, albeit temporary, redistribution of T cells from peripheral blood.
  • T cells migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, including lymph nodes, as well as peripheral tissues like the skin and gut lymphoid tissue.
  • This migration pattern directly supports the hypothesis that tissue redistribution is the primary driver of rhIL-7-induced lymphopenia.

Key Insights:

  • Provides the first direct evidence for T-cell redistribution following IL-7 administration.

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Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

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Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells
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Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor
10:33

Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

Published on: December 7, 2015

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice
07:36

Tumor Transplantation for Assessing the Dynamics of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Mice

Published on: June 12, 2021

Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells
06:42

Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells

Published on: May 24, 2024

  • Confirms that the observed lymphopenia is a transient phenomenon driven by cell migration.
  • Highlights the complex interplay between IL-7, T-cell trafficking, and immune system dynamics.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions governing this IL-7-mediated T-cell homing.
    • Understanding this mechanism could inform the therapeutic use of IL-7 in immunotherapy and infectious diseases.
    • Investigating potential long-term effects or adaptations of the immune system to such redistribution events is warranted.