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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions01:27

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action01:28

Depolarizing Blockers: Mechanism of Action

Depolarizing blockers act on skeletal muscle fibers' membranes and induce their depolarization. Most depolarizing blockers have two quaternary N+ atoms that bind the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and cause neuromuscular blockade within minutes.
Succinylcholine is the most commonly used depolarizing blocker. Chemically, it constitutes two molecules of acetylcholine joined together by an acetate methyl group. They act on the receptors in the same way as acetylcholine. Because succinylcholine...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
05:39

Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Published on: May 26, 2023

[Thoracic paravertebral block].

Christian Byhahn1, Dirk Meininger

  • 1Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie der Johann-Wolfgang- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main. c.byhahn@em.unifrankfurt.de

Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
|July 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thoracic paravertebral block offers effective postoperative pain control and can be used as a sole anesthetic technique. This method provides comparable pain relief to epidural analgesia with fewer side effects for postthoracotomy pain.

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Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat
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In Vivo Thoracic Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) Calcium Imaging and ECG Recording for Studying Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
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Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat
08:05

Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat

Published on: November 21, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pain Management
  • Thoracic Surgery

Context:

  • Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) is a regional anesthesia technique with over a century of history.
  • It is experiencing a resurgence in popularity for managing postoperative pain.
  • TPVB is recognized for its safety and versatility, applicable for both analgesia and anesthesia.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative pain control.
  • To compare TPVB with epidural analgesia in the context of postthoracotomy pain.
  • To discuss the implications of TPVB in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy.

Summary:

  • TPVB demonstrates comparable analgesic efficacy to epidural analgesia for postthoracotomy pain.
  • TPVB is associated with a lower incidence of side effects compared to epidural analgesia.
  • Despite being a nerve block, TPVB is considered a central nerve block concerning the use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs.

Impact:

  • Provides a safer and effective alternative for postoperative pain management, particularly after thoracic surgery.
  • Offers insights into the management of patients on antithrombotic therapy undergoing regional anesthesia.
  • Supports the growing trend of utilizing minimally invasive and effective pain control strategies in surgical settings.