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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Masking and Demasking Agents01:19

Masking and Demasking Agents

EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These agents facilitate the sequential analysis of the metal ions by forming stable complexes with some—but not all—metal ions during certain steps.
There are many masking agents, such as cyanide, fluoride, triethanolamine, thiourea, and 2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propan-1-ol (formerly 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol), with the masking agent chosen based on the metal...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
EDTA: Chemistry and Properties01:22

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents01:26

EDTA: Auxiliary Complexing Reagents

EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the free metal ions in the solution. Several metal ions precipitate as hydrous oxide (hydroxides, oxides, or oxyhydroxides) under these conditions, lowering the concentration of free metal ions in the solution. For this reason, auxiliary complexing agents or ligands such as ammonia, tartrate, citrate, or triethanolamine are used in EDTA titrations to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Quantifiable and Inexpensive Cell-Free Fluorescent Method to Confirm the Ability of Novel Compounds to Chelate Iron
05:36

Quantifiable and Inexpensive Cell-Free Fluorescent Method to Confirm the Ability of Novel Compounds to Chelate Iron

Published on: February 23, 2024

Oral iron chelators.

Maria Domenica Cappellini1, Paolo Pattoneri

  • 1Policlinico, Mangiagalli, Regina Elena Foundation IRCCS, University of Milan, Italy. maria.cappellini@unimi.it

Annual Review of Medicine
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Deferoxamine (DFO) required frequent infusions for iron overload. Newer oral agents like deferasirox offer improved compliance and manageable safety profiles for patients with transfusional iron overload.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Deferoxamine (DFO) was the long-standing standard for transfusional iron overload, necessitating intensive daily subcutaneous infusions.
  • Oral iron chelators represent a significant advancement, aiming to enhance patient compliance and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of deferasirox, a novel oral iron chelator, for managing transfusional iron overload.
  • To compare the benefits of oral chelation therapy with traditional methods.

Main Methods:

  • An extensive clinical trial program involving adult and pediatric patients with transfusional iron overload.
  • Administration of deferasirox as a once-daily oral dose.

Main Results:

  • Deferasirox demonstrated efficacy in reducing or maintaining iron burden in both adult and pediatric patient populations.
  • The clinical program established a clinically manageable safety profile for deferasirox with regular monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Deferasirox offers an effective and convenient oral alternative to traditional iron chelation therapy.
  • Deferasirox provides a manageable safety profile, improving treatment options for transfusional iron overload.