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Development of Blood Vessels

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

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Stem Cell Culture

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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

Published on: May 11, 2021

Embryonic stem cell models in vascular biology.

X Li¹, L Claesson-Welsh

¹Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Dag Hammarskjöldsv. 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH

|July 28, 2009

Summary

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offer a powerful model for studying blood vessel formation (vasculogenesis and angiogenesis). ESC-derived endothelial cells mimic in vivo processes, aiding research into mutations and cell biology.

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In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

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In Vitro Model of Fetal Human Vessel On-chip to Study Developmental Mechanobiology

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Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

Vascular Biology
Stem Cell Research
Developmental Biology

Background:

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are valuable tools in vascular biology.
ESC-derived endothelial cells show therapeutic potential.
Comparing ESC-derived endothelial cells to primary cells and in vivo models is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the utility of differentiating ESCs as a model for studying vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
To compare the features and responsiveness of ESC-derived endothelial cells with primary endothelial cells and in vivo models.
To explore the potential of ESC-derived endothelial cells in therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

Culture of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs).
Differentiation of ESCs into endothelial cells.
Analysis of biochemical and cell biologic processes in differentiating ESCs.
Comparison of ESC-derived endothelial cells with primary endothelial cells and in vivo data.

Main Results:

Differentiating ESCs effectively model biochemical and cell biologic processes independent of flow.
ESC-derived endothelial cells exhibit features closely mimicking in vivo sprouting angiogenesis.
This model allows study of endothelial cell function in the context of embryonically lethal mutations.

Conclusions:

Differentiating ESCs provide a robust and versatile model for studying vascular development and endothelial cell biology.
ESC-derived endothelial cells closely recapitulate in vivo angiogenesis, offering insights into complex biological processes.
This research supports the future therapeutic potential of ESC-derived endothelial cells.