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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
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Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
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Vitamin D and immune function: understanding common pathways.

Daniel D Bikle1

  • 1Veterans Affairs Medical Center (111N), San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. Daniel.bikle@ucsf.edu

Current Osteoporosis Reports
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Summary
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Vitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Vitamin D's active metabolite, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), impacts numerous physiological processes beyond calcium homeostasis.
  • The immune system, encompassing both adaptive and innate branches, is significantly influenced by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).
  • Immune cells involved express the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and often CYP27B1, the enzyme responsible for producing 1,25(OH)(2)D(3).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in modulating adaptive and innate immune responses.
  • To investigate the expression and regulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 in immune cells.
  • To understand the implications of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 expression in immune cells.
  • Investigation of the regulatory mechanisms of VDR and CYP27B1 in response to immune stimuli.
  • Assessment of the effects of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on adaptive and innate immune cell functions.

Main Results:

  • 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) generally suppresses adaptive immunity components.
  • 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) generally induces innate immunity components.
  • VDR and CYP27B1 expression can be constitutive or induced, forming regulatory feedback loops.

Conclusions:

  • 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) plays a dual role in immunity, suppressing adaptive responses while enhancing innate defenses.
  • This immunomodulatory effect suggests potential therapeutic applications for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in autoimmune diseases and transplantation.
  • The interplay between 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), its receptor, and CYP27B1 is crucial for regulating immune system balance.