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Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

RNA Interference

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Published on: March 5, 2019

Ars2 links the nuclear cap-binding complex to RNA interference and cell proliferation.

Joshua J Gruber¹, D Steven Zatechka, Leah R Sabin

¹Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

|July 28, 2009

Summary

Ars2, a component of the nuclear RNA cap-binding complex (CBC), is crucial for microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and cell proliferation. Its absence causes developmental lethality and bone marrow failure in adult mice.

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RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

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Published on: April 30, 2026

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Genetics

Background:

The nuclear RNA cap-binding complex (CBC) plays a role in RNA processing.
MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis is essential for gene regulation.
The proliferative state of cells influences gene expression and regulatory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of Ars2, a CBC component, in miRNA biogenesis and cell proliferation.
To determine the impact of Ars2 depletion on cellular processes and miRNA levels.
To elucidate the link between Ars2 expression and the proliferative state of cells.

Main Methods:

Gene deletion studies in mice (developmental and adult).
Cellular depletion of Ars2 and CBP80 in proliferating cells.
Analysis of miRNA processing, miRNA-mediated repression, and miRNA levels (including miR-21, let-7, miR-155).

Main Results:

Ars2 deletion is developmentally lethal and causes bone marrow failure in adult mice.
Ars2 depletion impairs miRNA-mediated repression and alters primary miRNA processing in proliferating cells.
Depletion of Ars2 reduces levels of critical miRNAs involved in cellular transformation.

Conclusions:

Ars2 is essential for miRNA biogenesis and is critical for cell proliferation.
Ars2 expression is specifically linked to the proliferative state of cells.
Ars2 plays a significant role in RNA interference regulation during cell proliferation.