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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...
Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions
13:56

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

Connecting viral with cellular interactomes.

S M Bailer1, J Haas

  • 1Max-von-Pettenkofer Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Muenchen, Germany. Bailer@mvp.uni-muenchen.de

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Large-scale screens reveal virus-host interactions, offering new insights into viral infections. Emerging high-throughput technologies enhance the study of protein interactions, despite validation challenges.

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Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
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Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

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Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells
08:38

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells

Published on: March 3, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions
13:56

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Published on: July 18, 2013

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
08:26

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells
08:38

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells

Published on: March 3, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Genome-scale screens offer novel perspectives on virus-host interactions.
  • Large-scale protein interaction studies have historically relied on the yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) system.
  • Alternative high-throughput technologies for detecting protein interactions and complexes have emerged.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of current genome-scale screening approaches for virus-host interactions.
  • To discuss the technical limitations of existing methods.
  • To present recent examples and novel developments in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature-curated datasets.
  • Analysis of high-throughput technologies for protein interaction screening.
  • Discussion of yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) and alternative methods.

Main Results:

  • Identification of numerous virus-host protein interactions through large-scale screens.
  • Development of alternative high-throughput technologies beyond Y2H.
  • Recognition of challenges in result validation and biological implication in previous studies.

Conclusions:

  • High-throughput technologies offer potential for generating novel hypotheses in virology.
  • Further development and validation are needed for robust biological insights.
  • Comprehensive analysis of interaction data is crucial for understanding viral infections.