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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

Chronic cervicothoracic spinal subdural hematoma.

Batuk Diyora1, Alok Sharma, Ravikrishna Mamidanna

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, LTM College & LTMG Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India. bddiyora@hotmail.com

Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare chronic spinal subdural hematoma caused sudden paralysis and urinary issues in a woman on warfarin. Surgical removal of the hematoma led to partial neurological recovery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Chronic spinal subdural hematoma is an exceptionally rare condition.
  • Anticoagulation therapy, such as warfarin, can increase the risk of bleeding, including subdural hematomas.
  • Spinal subdural hematomas can present with severe neurological deficits due to spinal cord compression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an extremely rare case of chronic spinal subdural hematoma in the cervicothoracic region.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and management of spinal subdural hematoma in a patient with a history of thrombosis and anticoagulation.
  • To discuss the clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical intervention, and outcome.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 33-year-old female patient.
  • Review of patient's medical history, including warfarin use for superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and recent surgery.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of the cervicothoracic extramedullary mass.
  • Surgical laminectomy for hematoma removal.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with sudden flaccid paraplegia and urinary retention.
  • MRI revealed a large cervicothoracic extramedullary mass compressing the spinal cord.
  • Laminectomy confirmed a purely subdural hematoma, which was surgically excised.
  • Neurological deficits showed partial resolution following hematoma removal.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic spinal subdural hematoma is a rare but critical condition that can cause significant neurological impairment.
  • Prompt diagnosis and surgical decompression are crucial for improving outcomes.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering subdural hematoma in patients with neurological deficits, especially those on anticoagulation.