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Related Concept Videos

Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Conditions
07:59

Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Conditions

Published on: September 10, 2021

Viruses causing childhood diarrhoea in the developing world.

Sasirekha Ramani1, Gagandeep Kang

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enteric viruses are a major cause of childhood diarrhea in developing nations, with rotaviruses and noroviruses being most common. Further research into susceptibility and immune responses is needed for effective interventions.

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A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.
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A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

Published on: November 7, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Conditions
07:59

Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Conditions

Published on: September 10, 2021

A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.
06:55

A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.

Published on: November 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Acute gastroenteritis is a significant cause of childhood illness and death in developing countries.
  • Improvements in sanitation have shifted the burden of diarrheal disease towards viral pathogens.
  • This review examines the role of enteric viruses in childhood diarrhea within developing regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of enteric viruses causing diarrhea in children in developing countries.
  • To highlight the increasing importance of viral agents in childhood gastroenteritis.
  • To discuss the implications of new molecular techniques in identifying viral pathogens and their spread.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies of childhood diarrhea in developing countries.
  • Analysis of data on viral etiology of gastroenteritis.
  • Inclusion of findings from molecular techniques for pathogen identification.

Main Results:

  • Enteric viruses are identified in nearly 43% of childhood diarrhea cases in developing countries.
  • Rotaviruses are the most prevalent viral pathogens, followed by noroviruses.
  • Evidence suggests rotaviruses and caliciviruses can spread beyond the gastrointestinal tract.

Conclusions:

  • Viral gastroenteritis is a critical health concern for children in developing nations.
  • Molecular methods are crucial for detecting emerging viral strains and extra-intestinal infections.
  • Further research on host susceptibility and immune responses is essential for developing targeted interventions.