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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI
10:50

Functional Imaging of Auditory Cortex in Adult Cats using High-field fMRI

Published on: February 19, 2014

Functional imaging of human auditory cortex.

David L Woods1, Claude Alain

  • 1Human Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, VANCHCS, Martinez, CA 95553, USA. dlwoods@ucdavis.edu

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals that human auditory cortex (HAC) shares organizational similarities with nonhuman primates. This research highlights conserved auditory cortical fields (ACFs) and their specialized functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

  • The human auditory cortex (HAC) is a complex region responsible for processing sound.
  • Understanding its organization is key to comprehending auditory perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) advances.
  • To highlight similarities in the organization of human and nonhuman primate auditory cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies.
  • Visualization of fMRI results on the cortical surface.
  • Comparative analysis of human and primate auditory cortex organization.

Main Results:

  • HAC comprises over a dozen distinct auditory cortical fields (ACFs) on the superior temporal plane.
  • Medial HAC regions show tonotopic organization (core and belt ACFs), similar to primates, responding to acoustic properties.
  • Lateral HAC regions (parabelt fields) respond to complex, behaviorally relevant sounds and are modulated by attention.

Conclusions:

  • HAC retains the fundamental structural and functional organization of auditory cortex found in Old World primates.
  • Future research should explore the evolution of this primate plan to support human-specific abilities like language and music.