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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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Diffusion01:12

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
08:44

Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene

Published on: August 22, 2017

Atomic diffusion studied with coherent X-rays.

Michael Leitner1, Bogdan Sepiol, Lorenz-Mathias Stadler

  • 1Fakultät für Physik, Universität Wien, Strudlhofgasse 4, 1090 Wien, Austria. michael.leitner@univie.ac.at

Nature Materials
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers can now study individual atom diffusion using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). This technique monitors X-ray scattering to reveal how atoms move, offering a new way to understand material stability and synthesis.

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Published on: April 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Atomic diffusion is crucial for material synthesis and stability.
  • Direct observation of elementary atomic diffusion events is challenging due to limited techniques.
  • Understanding atomic movement is key to designing new materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel method for studying single-atom diffusion.
  • To investigate the atomic dynamics in an intermetallic alloy.
  • To establish a versatile technique applicable to various material systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS).
  • Monitoring spatial and temporal variations of scattered coherent X-ray intensity.
  • Analyzing diffusion in a Cu(90)Au(10) intermetallic alloy by measuring in reciprocal space.

Main Results:

  • Successfully monitored the diffusion of single atoms.
  • Elucidated the dynamical behavior of atoms based on their local environment.
  • Demonstrated the applicability of XPCS to a specific alloy system.

Conclusions:

  • XPCS provides a powerful new tool for studying atomic diffusion.
  • The method is independent of specific atomic species or isotopes, offering broad applicability.
  • XPCS is poised to become a primary technique for quantitative atomic-scale diffusion studies with advanced X-ray sources.