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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:19

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

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Skin Biopsy for Diagnosing Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Published on: June 10, 2025

Diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis clinically without tissue confirmation.

Poonam S Sharma1, Jordon G Lubahn, Alan S Donsky

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|July 28, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac sarcoidosis can be fatal, causing severe heart rhythm problems and failure. This case highlights cardiac sarcoidosis as the primary cause of death, even with accompanying neurosarcoidosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granulomas.
  • Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.
  • CS often presents with cardiac conduction abnormalities or arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a fatal case of cardiac sarcoidosis.
  • To emphasize the clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges of CS.
  • To differentiate the impact of cardiac versus non-cardiac sarcoidosis in a complex case.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical case presentation.
  • Review of patient's medical history and symptoms.
  • Necropsy findings for definitive diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • A 52-year-old woman presented with high-grade heart block, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and acute cardiac decompensation.
  • Clinical diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis was made, with confirmation post-mortem.
  • Neurosarcoidosis was present but cardiac involvement was the primary cause of fatal symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis can be the predominant and fatal manifestation of the disease.
  • Early clinical suspicion and diagnosis of CS are crucial, even when other organs are involved.
  • Necropsy remains essential for confirming CS in complex cases.