Sickle cell-induced ischemic colitis

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Hematology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients are at risk for vaso-occlusive events affecting various organs.
• Ischemic colitis is a rare but serious complication of SCA, often presenting with abdominal pain that can mimic typical pain crises.
• Delayed diagnosis of ischemic colitis in SCA can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.

Observation:

• A 29-year-old female with SCA presented with left lower quadrant abdominal pain.
• Diagnostic workup included laboratory tests, imaging (CT scan), and colonoscopy.
• The patient's symptoms were initially attributed to a pain crisis, delaying the diagnosis of ischemic colitis.

Findings:

• The case underscores the challenge in distinguishing SCA pain crises from ischemic colitis.
• Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis.
• Literature review suggests a diagnostic and treatment approach for this condition.

Implications:

• Highlights the need for heightened clinical suspicion for ischemic colitis in SCA patients with abdominal pain.
• Emphasizes the importance of a thorough diagnostic workup beyond typical pain crisis management.
• Provides insights into the diagnosis and management of sickle cell-induced ischemic colitis.