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Transfusion-transmitted diseases other than AIDS and hepatitis.

J R Bove1

  • 1Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
|September 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Transfusion medicine faces risks beyond AIDS and hepatitis, including CMV, syphilis, and malaria. Donor screening and testing are crucial to minimize transfusion-transmitted infections and ensure patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Blood transfusions carry inherent risks of transmitting infectious agents.
  • While Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and hepatitis are well-known transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs), numerous other pathogens pose a threat.
  • The spectrum of TTIs includes Cytomegalovirus (CMV), syphilis, Chagas disease, babesiosis, parvovirus B19, malaria, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), among rarer infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the broad range of diseases transmissible via blood transfusion.
  • To emphasize the ongoing challenge of mitigating transfusion-transmitted infections.
  • To inform healthcare professionals about the persistent risk of TTIs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of known transfusion-transmitted pathogens.
  • Analysis of disease transmission risks in blood transfusion settings.
  • Discussion of donor screening and laboratory testing protocols.

Main Results:

  • Identified major TTIs (AIDS, hepatitis) and a wide array of other infectious agents.
  • Highlighted the role of donor centers in risk reduction through screening and testing.
  • Confirmed that the risk of disease transmission is an ever-present consideration in transfusion medicine.

Conclusions:

  • The risk of transfusion-transmitted infections extends beyond common viral agents to include a diverse range of bacterial, parasitic, and viral pathogens.
  • Effective donor screening and rigorous laboratory testing are essential strategies for minimizing TTI risks.
  • Physicians must maintain vigilance regarding the potential for disease transmission with every blood transfusion administered.

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