Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation01:22

Phase II Reactions: Glutathione Conjugation and Mercapturic Acid Formation

Glutathione, a tripeptide made up of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine, is a critical player in the detoxification of drugs and xenobiotics via a process known as glutathione conjugation or mercapturic acid formation. This phase II biotransformation reaction involves the covalent binding of glutathione to a drug or its metabolite, enhancing the compound's water solubility and enabling its excretion.
Several distinctive characteristics distinguish glutathione conjugation from other phase II...
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration01:25

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Hemoperfusion and Hemofiltration

Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration are critical techniques in medical treatments to eliminate accumulated drugs, metabolites, and electrolytes from the bloodstream. These methods are particularly vital in cases of accidental poisoning and drug overdose.Hemoperfusion involves passing blood through an adsorbent material to remove unwanted substances. The main adsorbents used in hemoperfusion include activated charcoal and Amberlite resins. Activated charcoal can adsorb both polar and nonpolar...
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Wireless phone use in childhood and adolescence and neuroepithelial brain tumours: Results from the international MOBI-Kids study.

Environment international·2022
Same author

[Use of wireless telecommunications technologies among the 10-25-year-old in France: Data extracted from the French part of the MOBI-KIDS study].

Revue d'epidemiologie et de sante publique·2018
Same author

Geographical variability in survival of European children with central nervous system tumours.

European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·2017
Same author

Are dietary reports in a case-control study on thyroid cancer biased by risk perception of Chernobyl fallout?

Revue d'epidemiologie et de sante publique·2017
Same author

Cervical trophoblasts for non-invasive single-cell genotyping and prenatal diagnosis.

Placenta·2015
Same author

Low molecular weight heparin gels, based on nanoparticles, for topical delivery.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2012
Same journal

A "three-in-one" nose-to-brain delivery strategy: intranasal vancomycin spray achieves simultaneous clearance of pneumococcal colonization, bacteremia, and meningitis.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid /matrine deep eutectic solvent encapsulated in hyalurosomes for enhanced transdermal delivery and antioxidant efficacy.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Dual-trigger hyaluronic acid nanoprodrug incorporating a 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl linker for CD44-targeted and glutathione-responsive drug delivery.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Polymeric mixed micellar nanogel enhances dermal delivery and therapeutic efficacy of tofacitinib citrate.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Localized gold nanoparticles-mediated photothermal therapy for head and neck cancer: in vivo proof-of-concept.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Design and evaluation of a pump-free ultrasonic atomization-driven hollow microneedle array for transdermal drug delivery.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in a Soil Sample by a Modified QuEChERS Approach Using Ammonium Formate
04:17

Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in a Soil Sample by a Modified QuEChERS Approach Using Ammonium Formate

Published on: January 20, 2023

Paraquat detoxication with multiple emulsions.

S Frasca1, P Couvreur, M Seiller

  • 1Université Paris-Sud 11, UMR 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|July 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detoxifying W/O/W multiple emulsions offer a promising new treatment for Paraquat poisoning. These emulsions significantly increase survival time and demonstrate safety in vivo, providing a quick and effective poisoning treatment.

More Related Videos

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
10:44

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

Published on: May 15, 2019

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine
08:31

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine

Published on: October 11, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in a Soil Sample by a Modified QuEChERS Approach Using Ammonium Formate
04:17

Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticides in a Soil Sample by a Modified QuEChERS Approach Using Ammonium Formate

Published on: January 20, 2023

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
10:44

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs

Published on: May 15, 2019

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine
08:31

Optimized Griess Reaction for UV-Vis and Naked-eye Determination of Anti-malarial Primaquine

Published on: October 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Technology

Background:

  • Paraquat herbicide poisoning causes numerous annual deaths, even from low-dose exposure.
  • Effective and rapid antidotes for Paraquat poisoning are urgently needed.
  • Multiple emulsions offer potential for targeted drug delivery and detoxification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate detoxifying W/O/W multiple emulsions for Paraquat poisoning treatment.
  • To identify an optimal extractant/trapping couple for enhanced Paraquat detoxification.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of the developed emulsion in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro screening of various extractant/trapping couple systems for detoxification efficacy.
  • Preparation of W/O/W multiple emulsions loaded with Paraquat.
  • In vivo studies using rats to evaluate median survival time (MST) and mortality rates after Paraquat and emulsion administration.

Main Results:

  • An effective extractant/trapping couple was identified through in vitro testing.
  • In vivo administration of the detoxifying emulsion increased rat MST by 50% to 100% following high-dose Paraquat exposure.
  • No mortality was observed in rats treated with emulsions containing Paraquat concentrations significantly exceeding lethal doses, demonstrating emulsion stability and safety.

Conclusions:

  • Detoxifying W/O/W multiple emulsions are a promising technology for rapid and safe poisoning treatments.
  • The developed emulsion system shows significant potential for managing Paraquat poisoning.
  • The emulsion's stability and innocuity in the gastrointestinal tract support its therapeutic application.