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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

Published on: March 26, 2014

Flrt2 and Flrt3 have overlapping and non-overlapping expression during craniofacial development.

S-G Gong¹, S Mai, K Chung

¹Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1G6. sg.gong@dentistry.utoronto.ca

Gene Expression Patterns : GEP

|July 29, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Fibronectin Leucine-Rich Transmembrane (Flrt) genes Flrt2 and Flrt3 are crucial for craniofacial development, particularly in cranial neural crest cell migration and differentiation. Their expression patterns highlight roles in key developmental processes like chondrogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.

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Facial Transplants in Xenopus laevis Embryos

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Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Genetics
Craniofacial Development

Background:

Craniofacial morphogenesis involves intricate coordination of cranial neural crest cell (NCC) development.
Fibronectin Leucine-Rich Transmembrane (Flrt) genes are known to be expressed during embryonic development.

Purpose of the Study:

To map the expression patterns of Flrt2 and Flrt3 during critical stages of craniofacial development.
To investigate the potential roles of Flrt2 and Flrt3 in craniofacial morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

In situ hybridization to determine gene expression localization.
Analysis of Flrt2 and Flrt3 expression in relation to known craniofacial developmental genes (Fgfr2, Shh, Msx1, Bmp4).

Main Results:

Flrt2 is highly expressed in NCCs and later in the frontonasal region, mandibular primordia, and secondary palatal shelves.
Flrt3 shows a more restricted expression in the medial nasal process, mandibular primordium, and regions of outgrowth.
Both genes are present at sites of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, including developing tooth buds and hair follicles.

Conclusions:

Flrt2 and Flrt3 play significant roles in craniofacial development.
These genes are implicated in mediating NCC migration, chondrogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during craniofacial morphogenesis.