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Related Concept Videos

Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Anastomoses01:19

Anastomoses

In human anatomy, anastomosis refers to a connection or opening between two things, particularly between blood vessels or other tubular structures. The term is derived from the Greek term 'anastomosis,' which means 'outlet' or 'opening.' This natural network of connections plays a critical role in the survival and functionality of the human body.
Anastomoses can be formed at arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessels.
Arterial Anastomosis: These occur between arteries. They are most common in...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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The Arch of Aorta

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
07:30

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique

Published on: April 1, 2022

Dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Eva Neumaier-Probst1

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. eva.neumaier-probst@rad.ma.uni-heidelberg.de

Klinische Neuroradiologie
|July 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Spontaneous dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal shunts in the dura mater. Angiography is key for diagnosis and guiding treatment, with endovascular techniques offering effective options.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Spontaneous dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the dura mater.
  • The precise cause of DAVFs is not fully understood, but they involve meningeal artery branches.
  • Clinical presentation varies significantly based on venous drainage patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies for spontaneous dural arteriovenous fistulas.
  • To highlight the importance of angiography in DAVF evaluation.
  • To discuss the evolving role of endovascular treatment in managing DAVFs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic imaging techniques including CT and MRI.
  • Emphasis on angiography as the gold standard for DAVF assessment.

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Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis
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Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis

Published on: July 11, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique
07:30

Creating Radio-cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula in the Forearm with a Modified No-Touch Technique

Published on: April 1, 2022

Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis
06:17

Murine Model of Central Venous Stenosis using Aortocaval Fistula with an Outflow Stenosis

Published on: July 11, 2019

  • Discussion of various therapeutic interventions: manual compression, embolization, and surgery.

    • Main Results:

    • CT and MRI visualize secondary effects, not the fistula directly.
    • Angiography is crucial for classifying DAVFs based on venous drainage.
    • Endovascular treatments, particularly embolization, are becoming increasingly effective and safer.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis and classification of DAVFs rely heavily on angiographic findings.
    • Treatment strategies are tailored to venous drainage patterns.
    • Advances in embolic materials and microcatheters enhance the efficacy and safety of endovascular DAVF treatment.