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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc01:17

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc

Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:

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Related Experiment Videos

Standard fenestration approach to thoracic disc herniation.

Munir J Nasser1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, King Fahd Hospital of the University, King Faisal University, Dammm, Saudi Arabia. munir1nasser@yahoo.com

British Journal of Neurosurgery
|July 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Posterior fenestration discectomy for thoracic disc herniation is safe and effective. This minimally invasive approach improved neurological deficits and axial pain in most patients, avoiding the need for spinal instrumentation.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Thoracic disc herniations are rare but can cause significant neurological deficits.
  • Surgical approaches for thoracic disc herniation often involve extensive spinal exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of posterior fenestration discectomy for thoracic disc herniation.
  • To assess the outcomes of this technique in patients with neurological deficits and axial pain.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of five patients undergoing posterior fenestration discectomy for thoracic disc herniation (T8-H12).
  • Surgical removal of six thoracic disc herniations via posterior fenestration.
  • Follow-up duration ranged from 6 months to 3 years.

Main Results:

  • Three of four patients with spastic paraparesis showed dramatic improvement.
  • One patient with paraparesis had significant improvement, with recurrence at 8 months.
  • Four patients with axial pain reported excellent improvement post-operatively.

Conclusions:

  • Posterior fenestration discectomy is a safe and effective minimally invasive option for thoracic disc herniation.
  • The technique offers good outcomes for neurological deficits and axial pain.
  • This approach is less destructive to the vertebrae and can be performed without instrumentation.