Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?
Expected Value01:15

Expected Value

The expected value is known as the "long-term" average or mean. This means that over the long term of experimenting over and over, you would expect this average. The expected average is represented by the symbol μ. It is calculated as follows:In the equation, x is an event, and P(x) is the probability of the event occurring.The expected value has practical applications in decision theory.This text is adapted from Openstax, Introductory Statistics, Section 4.2 Mean or Expected Value and...
Unrealistic Optimism Bias01:30

Unrealistic Optimism Bias

Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...
Social Exchange Theory01:26

Social Exchange Theory

As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Education Leadership in Accreditation Reform-Reply.

JAMA·2026
Same author

What does Academic Medicine mean to me?

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·2026
Same author

Conceptualizing Humility in Medical Education: Insights from US Student Perspectives.

Teaching and learning in medicine·2026
Same author

A Call for Education Leadership in Accreditation Reform.

JAMA·2026
Same author

Climate, Heat, and the Limits of Medical Diagnostics: Lessons From "America's Hottest City".

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2025
Same author

Causes of Death Among US Medical Residents.

JAMA network open·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Commentary: When much is promised, much is--and should be--expected.

Frederic W Hafferty1, Janet Hafler

  • 1University of Minnesota Medical School-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.

Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
|July 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Nonphysician medical educators (NPMEs) may have a role in health professional training, but their extensive endorsement is questioned. True impact hinges on their disciplinary independence within medicine's complex culture.

More Related Videos

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling
20:36

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Published on: July 4, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling
20:36

Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

Published on: July 4, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Health Professions Training
  • Educational Leadership

Background:

  • The role of nonphysician medical educators (NPMEs) in training health professionals is debated.
  • Riesenberg and colleagues propose an expanded remedial role for NPMEs.
  • Concerns exist regarding the integration and effectiveness of NPMEs in medical education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the proposed extensive role of NPMEs in educating health professionals.
  • To examine the alignment between NPMEs' core skills and educational experiences.
  • To assess the challenges NPMEs face in medical education due to cultural and systemic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Critical analysis of Riesenberg and colleagues' report.
  • Examination of the proposed educational frameworks for NPMEs.
  • Assessment of the medical education system's cultural context and inclusivity.

Main Results:

  • The endorsement of NPMEs' remedial role is considered excessive.
  • The connection between NPMEs' core skills and outlined educational experiences is unclear.
  • Graduate schools of education are not consistently viewed as exemplars of excellence.
  • Medical culture's tribal nature poses challenges for outsiders like NPMEs.

Conclusions:

  • Simply increasing the number of NPMEs is not the optimal strategy for educating future health professionals.
  • The primary challenge for NPMEs lies in achieving disciplinary independence and identity.
  • Medicine's culture requires significant shifts to effectively integrate and value contributions from nonphysician educators.