Electrolyte effects on the stability of nematic and lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal phases: colligative and ion-specific aspects

We investigated the electrolyte effects on the stability of nematic and lamellar lyotropic liquid crystalline (LLC) phases formed by the simple anionic surfactant cesium pentadecafluorooctanoate (CsPFO) in water. To the lyotropic guest phase, at the constant CsPFO-mass fraction of 0.55, the series of electrolytes LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CsCl, CsI, and Cs(2)SO(4), respectively, was added at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mol %. With increasing electrolyte concentration two substantially different effects were observed. At low concentrations all added electrolytes caused an increase of the thermal stability of the LLC phases, favoring the lamellar phase over the nematic phase. This behavior is, at least qualitatively, understood within the packing parameter model. The extent of the stabilization clearly depends on the chemical nature of the added cation. For a given cation, however, the effect is colligative, i.e., independent of the chemical nature of the added anion. At higher salt concentrations a salting-out-like phase separation was induced. This effect is clearly ion-specific as the salting-out concentration varied for each cation following the order of the Hofmeister series for cations.