Structure, morphology and fibroblasts adhesion of surface-porous titanium via anodic oxidation

Surface-porous titanium samples were prepared by anodic oxidation in H(2)SO(4), H(3)PO(4) and CH(3)COOH electrolytes under various electrochemical conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were employed to characterize the structure, morphology and chemical composition of the surface layer, respectively. Closer analysis on the effect of the electrochemical conditions on pore configuration was involved. It can be indicated that porous titania was formed on the surface layer, and the pore configuration was influenced by electrolyte composition and crystal structure of the titania. The fibroblast cells experiment showed that anodic oxidation of titanium surface could promote fibroblast adhesion on Ti substrate. The results suggested that anodic oxidation of Ti in CH(3)COOH was suitable to obtain surface-porous titanium oxides layers, which might be beneficial for better soft tissue ingrowths.