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Parasites gained: alien parasites switching to native hosts.

Hoda H El-Rashidy1, Geoff A Boxshall

  • 1Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharram Bey, Alexandria, Egypt.

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Three new parasitic copepods were discovered in the Mediterranean Sea. Two species, originating from the Indo-Pacific, show evidence of host switching from invasive Red Sea fish to native Mediterranean species.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Parasitology
  • Invasive Species Ecology

Background:

  • The Mediterranean Sea is a well-studied ecosystem with a known fauna.
  • The Suez Canal acts as a pathway for marine species migration.
  • Understanding parasite introductions is crucial for ecosystem health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report three parasitic copepod species new to the Mediterranean fauna.
  • To investigate the origin and introduction pathways of these parasites.
  • To document evidence of host switching in marine parasitic copepods.

Main Methods:

  • Parasitological surveys of fish hosts in Mediterranean waters.
  • Identification of parasitic copepod species.
  • Analysis of host-parasite relationships and geographical distribution.

Main Results:

  • Three parasitic copepod species, Mitrapus oblongus, Clavellisa ilishae, and Nothobomolochus fradei, are reported as new to the Mediterranean.
  • M. oblongus and C. ilishae, of Indo-Pacific origin, likely invaded via the Suez Canal on Red Sea hosts.
  • First evidence of metazoan parasite host switching from invasive Red Sea fish to native Mediterranean clupeid fish was observed.
  • N. fradei, previously known from the Gulf of Guinea and Arabian Gulf, was found on both native and invasive clupeid hosts in Egyptian waters.

Conclusions:

  • The Mediterranean parasite fauna is being augmented by invasive species.
  • Parasitic copepods demonstrate host-switching capabilities, impacting native fish populations.
  • Faunal mixing of parasites and hosts is occurring on a significant scale, highlighting the ecological impact of marine invasions.