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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
07:32

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.

Published on: June 4, 2021

Aging effects on cobalt availability in soils.

Laura A Wendling1, Jason K Kirby, Michael J McLaughlin

  • 1CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminant Research, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia. laura.wendling@csiro.au

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
|August 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soil aging significantly reduces cobalt bioavailability by fixing it into less exchangeable forms. This process, primarily influenced by soil pH, impacts metal availability and potential environmental risks.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
07:32

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Published on: June 4, 2021

Design and Construction of an Experimental Setup to Enhance Mineral Weathering through the Activity of Soil Organisms
07:22

Design and Construction of an Experimental Setup to Enhance Mineral Weathering through the Activity of Soil Organisms

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Soil Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Soil aging processes immobilize metals, reducing their biological availability over time.
  • Introduced metals can become incorporated into soil mineral lattices, micropores, or precipitate on mineral surfaces.
  • Aging decreases the exchangeability of metals between the soil solid phase and soil solution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effects of aging on the fate and behavior of added divalent cobalt (Co2+) in diverse soils.
  • To evaluate how physicochemical soil characteristics influence cobalt aging and bioavailability.
  • To understand the long-term implications of cobalt aging for soil environments.

Main Methods:

  • Isotope-exchange techniques to measure metal lability.
  • Chemical extraction using calcium chloride (CaCl2) and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3).
  • Plant growth studies to assess metal uptake and availability.

Main Results:

  • Added Co2+ rapidly partitioned to the soil solid phase, with significant aging observed within 15 days.
  • Aging reduced metal lability (E values), plant availability (L values), and extractability, especially in neutral to alkaline soils.
  • High soil pH and the presence of iron/manganese oxyhydroxides accelerated cobalt aging and reduced exchangeability.

Conclusions:

  • Soil pH is the dominant factor controlling the rate and extent of cobalt aging and its subsequent availability.
  • Aging significantly decreases the bioavailability of added cobalt in soils, altering its environmental fate.
  • Accurate risk assessment of cobalt contamination requires understanding long-term aging effects on metal availability.