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Related Concept Videos

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management01:25

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this measurement...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
05:34

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

Published on: April 4, 2025

Simulating inadequate dialysis and its correction using an individualized patient-derived nomogram.

Colin T White

    Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
    |August 1, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study shows how to adjust peritoneal dialysis (PD) prescriptions using patient data to correct for missed dialysis sessions. This modeling approach optimizes treatment for better small-solute clearance and ultrafiltration.

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    Published on: July 19, 2018

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    Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

    5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
    05:34

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    Published on: April 4, 2025

    Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis
    07:11

    Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis

    Published on: July 19, 2018

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Peritoneal dialysis (PD) prescription optimization requires accurate peritoneal membrane characterization, often via the peritoneal equilibration test (PET).
    • Individualized PD prescriptions aim to maximize small-solute clearance and ultrafiltration by adjusting cycles and bag strength.

    Discussion:

    • This research addresses correcting nonadherence to PD prescriptions using patient data and modeling programs.
    • Theoretical prescriptions can be generated by altering cycle number or bag strength to compensate for deviations from the prescribed regimen.

    Key Insights:

    • Current cycler technology enables downloading patient run data and uploading new prescriptions to correct nonadherent dialysis.
    • Modeling programs demonstrate the ability to adjust PD prescriptions to improve small-solute clearance despite missed cycles or hours.

    Outlook:

    • PD programs should integrate these modeling concepts for individually optimized treatment options.
    • Future PD systems could offer prescriptive changes via memory cards or internet for real-time adjustments to inadequate dialysis.
    • This approach can help manage issues like missed dialysis due to power failures.