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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Assessment of radial pulse01:11

Assessment of radial pulse

Assessment of Radial Pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
05:58

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: March 11, 2021

Circadian rhythm in handwriting.

Isabelle Jasper1, Andreas Häussler, Christian Marquardt

  • 1Clinical Neuropsychology Research Group (EKN), Clinic for Neuropsychology, München-Bogenhausen Hospital, Dachauerstrasse 164, Munich D-80992, Germany. isabelle.jasper@extern.lrz-muenchen.de

Journal of Sleep Research
|August 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that handwriting speed follows a circadian rhythm, slowing at night and in the early morning. This motor process is influenced by daily biological rhythms, impacting writing performance.

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Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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Published on: November 21, 2013

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Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Published on: March 11, 2021

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
05:52

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

Published on: November 21, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Human Motor Control
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms significantly influence various physiological and cognitive functions.
  • The impact of circadian rhythms on fine motor skills, such as handwriting, remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the motor process of handwriting is influenced by circadian rhythms.
  • To analyze the effect of circadian variations on handwriting speed, fluency, and script size.

Main Methods:

  • A 40-hour sleep deprivation protocol under constant routine conditions.
  • Nine healthy young males performed handwriting tasks every 3 hours.
  • Handwriting performance assessed via writing speed, fluency, and script size.

Main Results:

  • Handwriting frequency, a measure of movement speed, demonstrated a validated circadian rhythm.
  • A significant slowing of handwriting speed was observed around melatonin secretion onset and during the early morning trough.
  • While speed and temporal variability were affected by circadian variations and task complexity, writing fluency remained preserved.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of a clear circadian rhythm influencing handwriting production.
  • Circadian variations impact the speed and temporal aspects of handwriting, but not its fundamental automation.
  • Daytime handwriting performance was not significantly impaired by sleep deprivation on the second day.