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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
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Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

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A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
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Chemical allergens--what are the issues?

Ian Kimber1, David A Basketter, Rebecca J Dearman

  • 1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. ian.kimber@manchester.ac.uk

Toxicology
|August 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemical allergy occurs when immune responses are triggered by chemical exposure, leading to allergic reactions. Key occupational concerns include allergic contact dermatitis and respiratory issues like asthma.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Immunology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Chemical allergy involves adverse health effects from immune responses to chemical exposure.
  • Allergy development includes initial immune priming and subsequent accelerated reactions upon re-exposure.
  • Occupational toxicology highlights skin sensitization (allergic contact dermatitis) and respiratory sensitization (occupational rhinitis and asthma).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey key issues and challenges in chemical allergy, specifically focusing on occupational toxicology.
  • To provide an overview of the mechanisms and manifestations of chemical allergy in the workplace.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge on chemical allergy.
  • Focus on occupational toxicology, particularly skin and respiratory sensitization.

Main Results:

  • Chemical allergy involves a two-phase immune response: priming and elicitation.
  • Occupational exposures can lead to allergic contact dermatitis and occupational asthma/rhinitis.
  • Current key issues and challenges in understanding and managing these conditions are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the two-phase development of chemical allergy is crucial.
  • Occupational skin and respiratory sensitization represent significant health concerns.
  • Further research is needed to address the identified key issues and challenges in chemical allergy.