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A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers
Published on: January 5, 2024
Nonpharmacologic treatment for fibromyalgia: patient education, cognitive-behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques,
Afton L Hassett1, Richard N Gevirtz
1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA. a.hassett@umdnj.edu
Abstract:
Because of the dynamic and complex nature of chronic pain, successful treatment usually requires addressing behavioral, cognitive, and affective processes. Many adjunctive interventions have been implemented in fibromyalgia (FM) treatment, but few are supported by controlled trials. Herein, some of the more commonly used nonpharmacologic interventions for FM are described and the evidence for efficacy is presented. Clinical observations and suggestions are also offered, including using the principles outlined in the acronym ExPRESS to organize a comprehensive nonpharmacologic pain management approach.
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