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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum01:26

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum

The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
Perineal Layer
The perineum is a diamond-shaped area below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into an anterior urogenital triangle that contains the external genitals and a posterior anal triangle housing the anus. The urogenital...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
07:41

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: April 17, 2019

Anal incontinence.

David C C Bartolo1, Hugh M Paterson

  • 1Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom. dccb2107@aol.com

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology
|August 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anal incontinence, often caused by childbirth injuries, affects quality of life. Advances in surgical repair and less invasive treatments like sacral neuromodulation offer improved outcomes for this condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
07:41

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Published on: April 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Gynecology
  • Pelvic Floor Health

Background:

  • Anal incontinence is a debilitating condition with equal gender prevalence, though women are more susceptible due to obstetric injuries.
  • Sphincter tears during delivery are a primary cause, often missed, necessitating heightened awareness and diagnostic methods.
  • Risk assessment, digital rectal examination, and endo-anal ultrasound are crucial for identifying sphincter injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and treatment modalities for anal incontinence.
  • To highlight the impact of obstetric injuries on anal sphincter integrity.
  • To discuss advancements in both surgical and minimally invasive treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anal incontinence causes, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • Discussion of surgical repair, salvage procedures (dynamic gracilloplasty, artificial bowel sphincter), and minimally invasive techniques (rectal irrigation, sacral neuromodulation).
  • Emphasis on risk assessment and diagnostic tools for obstetric-related sphincter injuries.

Main Results:

  • Surgical repair remains vital for sphincter disruption.
  • Minimally invasive procedures like sacral neuromodulation show successful outcomes, reducing reliance on invasive treatments.
  • Improved diagnostic awareness and risk assessment are key to preventing and managing anal incontinence.

Conclusions:

  • Anal incontinence management has evolved with effective surgical and minimally invasive options.
  • Protecting the pelvic floor and anal sphincter during delivery through early assessment is paramount.
  • Continued research is needed to further refine treatments and preventative strategies for anal incontinence.