Ganglioside-induced amyloid formation by human islet amyloid polypeptide in lipid rafts

Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is the primary component of the amyloid deposits found in the pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it is unknown how amyloid fibrils are formed in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that gangliosides play an essential role in the formation of amyloid deposits by hIAPP on plasma membranes. Amyloid fibrils accumulated in ganglioside- and cholesterol-rich microscopic domains ('lipid rafts'). The depletion of gangliosides or cholesterol significantly reduced the amount of amyloid deposited. These results clearly showed that the formation of amyloid fibrils was mediated by gangliosides in lipid rafts.