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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Toxicological and Ecotoxicological Assay Based on Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Hemocytes Motility
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Decrease of marine toxin content in bivalves by industrial processes.

Antonio Reboreda1, Jorge Lago, María-José Chapela

  • 1Microbiology and Toxins Area, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Campus Univ. 16, 36310 Vigo PO, Spain.

Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology
|August 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Rapidly detoxifying shellfish from harmful algal bloom toxins is crucial for the seafood industry. Thermal processing effectively reduces Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins, while evisceration and freezing aid in reducing Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) toxins.

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Design and Use of an Apparatus for Quantifying Bivalve Suspension Feeding at Sea
07:20

Design and Use of an Apparatus for Quantifying Bivalve Suspension Feeding at Sea

Published on: September 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Food Science
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Harmful algal blooms (HABs) lead to shellfish contamination with toxins, causing significant economic losses in the seafood industry.
  • Natural shellfish detoxification processes are often too slow to prevent economic damage from harvesting area closures.
  • Rapid detoxification methods are needed to mitigate economic losses and ensure consumer safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of four industrially applicable methods for rapid shellfish detoxification.
  • To assess the reduction of three main toxin types (ASP, DSP, PSP) in four bivalve species.

Main Methods:

  • Studied four detoxification methods: freezing, evisceration, ozonization, and thermal processing.
  • Applied methods to mussels, scallops, clams, and cockles contaminated with ASP, DSP, and PSP toxins.
  • Quantified toxin levels before and after treatment to determine detoxification efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Hepatopancreas ablation or a combination of evisceration, thermal processing, and/or freezing significantly reduced ASP toxin levels below the legal limit.
  • Thermal processing decreased Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxin levels by over 50%, falling below the limit of detection.
  • Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) toxins were not significantly reduced by any of the tested methods.

Conclusions:

  • Thermal processing is a promising method for reducing PSP toxins in bivalves.
  • Evisceration and freezing show potential for reducing ASP toxins, depending on the bivalve species.
  • Current methods are ineffective for removing DSP toxins, indicating a need for further research.