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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

Upcoming challenges for multiple sequence alignment methods in the high-throughput era.

Carsten Kemena1, Cedric Notredame

  • 1Centre For Genomic Regulation, Pompeus Fabre University, Carrer del Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|August 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights advances in multiple sequence alignment (MSA) tools, emphasizing template-based methods for improved accuracy. It also discusses validation strategies and future challenges in the genomic era.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is fundamental for understanding protein and nucleic acid evolution and function.
  • Existing MSA tools face challenges with increasing sequence data and complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent algorithmic improvements in multiple sequence alignment tools.
  • To assess the accuracy and validation of current MSA methods.
  • To identify future challenges and directions for MSA in the genomic era.

Main Methods:

  • Review of algorithmic advancements, focusing on consistency-based methods extended to template-based multiple sequence alignments.
  • Analysis of validation strategies and recent results for existing MSA methods.
  • Discussion of emerging challenges in aligning large-scale genomic data.

Main Results:

  • Template-based multiple sequence alignment methods demonstrate significantly higher accuracy compared to simpler alternatives.
  • Current validation strategies for MSA tools are critically examined, with proposals for future improvements.
  • The need for enhanced MSA approaches to handle large sequences, integrate experimental data, and align non-coding regions is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Template-based methods represent a significant advancement in multiple sequence alignment accuracy.
  • Robust validation strategies are crucial for evaluating and improving MSA tools.
  • Future MSA development must address the demands of the genomic era, including scalability and data integration.