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Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection
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Published on: January 31, 2020

A new human immunodeficiency virus derived from gorillas.

Jean-Christophe Plantier1, Marie Leoz, Jonathan E Dickerson

  • 1Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence du Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine, Equipe d'Accueil EA2656, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Université de Rouen, France. jean-christophe.plantier@univ-rouen.fr

Nature Medicine
|August 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered a new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Cameroon. This novel HIV-1 group P is closely related to simian immunodeficiency virus from gorillas (SIVgor) and represents a distinct lineage.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtypes have emerged through cross-species transmission from non-human primates.
  • Existing HIV-1 groups (M, N, and O) represent distinct evolutionary pathways and geographical origins.
  • Understanding the diversity of HIV is crucial for developing effective diagnostics, treatments, and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the identification and initial characterization of a novel human immunodeficiency virus.
  • To determine the phylogenetic relationship of this new virus to known HIV-1 groups and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs).
  • To establish the significance of this discovery for understanding HIV evolution and epidemiology.

Main Methods:

  • Viral RNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were employed.
  • The newly identified virus was compared to reference sequences of HIV-1 groups M, N, O, and various SIV strains.
  • Genetic distance and recombination analyses were performed.

Main Results:

  • A new human immunodeficiency virus was identified in a Cameroonian woman.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed the virus is closely related to gorilla simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVgor).
  • No evidence of recombination with other known HIV-1 lineages was detected, indicating a distinct origin.

Conclusions:

  • The identified virus represents a new, distinct lineage of HIV-1, separate from groups M, N, and O.
  • This discovery suggests a potential new zoonotic transmission event from gorillas to humans.
  • The proposed designation for this new lineage is HIV-1 group P, highlighting the ongoing evolution of the HIV epidemic.