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Methods of reducing fever01:22

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
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Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

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Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol
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Post-exercise cooling techniques in hot, humid conditions.

Martin James Barwood1, Sarah Davey, James R House

  • 1Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Spinnaker Building, Cambridge Road, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, UK. martin.barwood@port.ac.uk

European Journal of Applied Physiology
|August 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Whole body fanning (WBF) effectively cools athletes in hot, humid conditions by increasing sweat evaporation. This method proved superior to other cooling techniques for post-exercise recovery in major sporting events.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Major sporting events frequently occur in hot and humid environments, increasing the risk of exercise-associated heat illness.
  • Effective post-exercise cooling strategies are crucial for athlete safety and performance in these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of five cooling techniques against a control condition for post-exercise recovery.
  • To identify the most effective and practical cooling method for athletes in hot, humid environments.

Main Methods:

  • Nine male participants exercised in 31°C, 70% relative humidity air until rectal temperature reached 38.5°C.
  • Cooling interventions included hand immersion (HI), whole body fanning (WBF), air-cooled garment (ACG), liquid-cooled garment (LCG), and phase change garment (PCG).
  • Cooling efficacy was assessed during two recovery periods, including periods with and without face fanning.

Main Results:

  • Whole body fanning (WBF) demonstrated the highest heat extraction rate (235 W) during the initial cooling period (COOL 1).
  • WBF was more effective than control (CON: 99 W), phase change garment (PCG: 141 W), and hand immersion (HI: 162 W).
  • Liquid-cooled garment (LCG) showed the lowest heat extraction (49 W), while ACG (101 W) was comparable to the control.

Conclusions:

  • Whole body fanning (WBF) is the most effective and practical method for post-exercise cooling in hot, humid conditions.
  • WBF's effectiveness is attributed to enhanced sweat evaporation, making it a valuable technique for sporting events.
  • Further research could explore optimal WBF protocols for different environmental conditions and athlete types.