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Related Concept Videos

Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
Components of...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
13:53

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

Glycoconjugate vaccines.

N Ravenscroft1, C Jones

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. raveneil@psipsy.uct.ac.za

Current Opinion in Drug Discovery & Development
|August 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Licensed glycoconjugate vaccines stimulate immunity against bacterial pathogens. This field is expanding to novel vaccines and antitumor immunotherapeutics, improving protective responses.

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Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling
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Detection of Neutralization-sensitive Epitopes in Antigens Displayed on Virus-Like Particle (VLP)-Based Vaccines Using a Capture Assay
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Detection of Neutralization-sensitive Epitopes in Antigens Displayed on Virus-Like Particle (VLP)-Based Vaccines Using a Capture Assay

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
13:53

Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling
11:08

Chemo-enzymatic Synthesis of N-glycans for Array Development and HIV Antibody Profiling

Published on: February 5, 2018

Detection of Neutralization-sensitive Epitopes in Antigens Displayed on Virus-Like Particle (VLP)-Based Vaccines Using a Capture Assay
05:15

Detection of Neutralization-sensitive Epitopes in Antigens Displayed on Virus-Like Particle (VLP)-Based Vaccines Using a Capture Assay

Published on: February 10, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Vaccinology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Glycoconjugate vaccines elicit T-cell-dependent immunity against bacterial pathogens.
  • Immunity is achieved through bacterial saccharides linked to protein carriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expanding field of glycoconjugate vaccines.
  • To highlight novel carrier proteins, conjugation chemistries, and antimicrobial vaccine development.
  • To explore applications in antitumor immunotherapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of glycoconjugate vaccine research.
  • Analysis of advancements in vaccine design and mechanisms.
  • Exploration of emerging therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

  • The field is rapidly advancing with new carrier proteins and conjugation methods.
  • Development of novel antimicrobial vaccines is ongoing.
  • Understanding of vaccine-induced protective mechanisms is improving.

Conclusions:

  • Glycoconjugate vaccines are a dynamic area of research with broad applications.
  • Potential for antitumor immunotherapeutics represents an exciting frontier.
  • Continued innovation promises enhanced vaccine efficacy and new therapeutic strategies.