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Oleander intoxication in New World camelids: 12 cases (1995-2006)
Tania A Kozikowski1, K Gary Magdesian, Birgit Puschner
1Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|August 5, 2009
Summary
Oleander toxicosis in camelids causes renal, gastrointestinal, and cardiac issues. Prompt treatment offers a good prognosis, making it a key differential diagnosis for sick camelids.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Toxicology
- Camelid Health
Background:
- Oleander (Nerium oleander) is a common ornamental plant containing cardiac glycosides.
- Toxicosis from oleander ingestion can affect various animal species, but data in New World camelids is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the clinical and clinicopathologic effects of oleander toxicosis in New World camelids.
- To evaluate the outcome and prognosis associated with oleander toxicosis in this population.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective case series design was employed.
- Medical records of 11 llamas and 1 alpaca with confirmed oleander exposure (detectable oleandrin) were reviewed.
- Descriptive statistics were used to analyze clinical signs, clinicopathologic data, and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Oleander exposure occurred through direct plant ingestion or contaminated hay.
- Common clinical signs included acute renal failure (9/10), gastrointestinal signs (7/10), and cardiac dysrhythmias (4/10).
- The overall mortality rate was 25%, but the mortality rate for medically treated animals was 10%.
Conclusions:
- Oleander toxicosis in New World camelids presents with a triad of renal, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular dysfunction.
- Prompt veterinary treatment is associated with a fair to good prognosis.
- Oleander intoxication should be considered a significant differential diagnosis in camelids presenting with these clinical signs.
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