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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...

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Analysis of Non-Human Primate Pancreatic Islet Oxygen Consumption
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Immune cell populations in nonhuman primate islets.

Lane C K Coffey1, Dora M Berman, Melissa A Willman

  • 1Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

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|August 5, 2009
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Islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes involves immune cells within islets. Researchers identified significant populations of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including surprising numbers of B lymphocytes, within primate islets.

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Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

Published on: July 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Islet transplantation is a key therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • Islet immunogenicity and immune cell presence within islets are critical concerns for transplant success.
  • Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a vital role in immune responses following transplantation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize intraislet resident populations of APCs and other immune cells.
  • To compare immune cell populations in situ versus after islet isolation.
  • To understand the distribution and quantity of these cells in nonhuman primate islets.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Confocal microscopy
  • Flow cytometry
  • Analysis of pancreas biopsies and isolated islets from Macaca fascicularis.

Main Results:

  • Islet-resident immune cell numbers are similar in situ and post-isolation.
  • Each islet equivalent contains an average of 21.8 immune cells, with 67% being APCs.
  • APCs include dendritic cells and a significant proportion (50%) of B lymphocytes; immune cell numbers increase with islet size.

Conclusions:

  • Characterization of intraislet immune cells, particularly APCs and B lymphocytes, provides crucial data.
  • Understanding the composition and distribution of these cells is vital for developing strategies to reduce immunogenicity and enhance islet engraftment.
  • This research informs future approaches to prevent islet transplant rejection.