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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

ABCG5/G8 Crystallization in a Lipidic Bicelle Environment for X-Ray Crystallography
06:47

ABCG5/G8 Crystallization in a Lipidic Bicelle Environment for X-Ray Crystallography

Published on: August 25, 2023

Lipid dependence of ABC transporter localization and function.

Karin Klappe1, Ina Hummel, Dick Hoekstra

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Section Membrane Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids
|August 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, crucial for cell function, associate with lipid rafts. It examines their roles in multidrug resistance and cholesterol homeostasis, influenced by lipids like cholesterol and sphingolipids.

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A Step-by-step Method for the Reconstitution of an ABC Transporter into Nanodisc Lipid Particles
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A Step-by-step Method for the Reconstitution of an ABC Transporter into Nanodisc Lipid Particles

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Using Caco-2 Cells to Study Lipid Transport by the Intestine
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Using Caco-2 Cells to Study Lipid Transport by the Intestine

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ABCG5/G8 Crystallization in a Lipidic Bicelle Environment for X-Ray Crystallography
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Published on: August 25, 2023

A Step-by-step Method for the Reconstitution of an ABC Transporter into Nanodisc Lipid Particles
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A Step-by-step Method for the Reconstitution of an ABC Transporter into Nanodisc Lipid Particles

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Using Caco-2 Cells to Study Lipid Transport by the Intestine
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Using Caco-2 Cells to Study Lipid Transport by the Intestine

Published on: August 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Lipid rafts are specialized membrane microdomains involved in cellular processes.
  • ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are integral membrane proteins with diverse functions.
  • Previous studies suggest localization of ABC transporters within lipid rafts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and discuss the evidence for ABC transporter localization in lipid rafts.
  • To analyze the relevance of this localization to ABC transporter function.
  • To explore the influence of specific lipids on ABC transporter behavior within rafts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical evaluation of existing evidence.
  • Focus on three key ABC transporters: ABCA1, ABCB1 (Pgp), and ABCC1 (MRP1).
  • Analysis of various lipid raft isolation procedures to propose a generalized model.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports the association of specific ABC transporters with lipid rafts.
  • Localization within lipid rafts impacts the function of transporters like Pgp/ABCB1 and MRP1/ABCC1 in multidrug resistance.
  • ABCA1's role in cholesterol homeostasis is also linked to its lipid raft association.
  • Sphingolipids and cholesterol significantly modulate ABC transporter localization and function.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid rafts serve as important platforms for ABC transporter regulation.
  • Understanding this association is key to deciphering transporter function in health and disease.
  • A generalized model of lipid raft association for ABC transporters can be derived.