Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Protein Complex Assembly

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types. Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...

Herpes

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

Genital Herpes

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...

Viral Structure

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.

Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The prenylated pUS2 protein of pseudorabies virus contributes to phosphorylation of connexin 43 and suppression of gap junctional intercellular communication.

Journal of virology·2026

Same author

Regional and Temporal Patterns of Long-Term Pseudorabies Virus Detection and Neuropathology in the Murine CNS.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Author Correction: Neuroimmune cardiovascular interfaces control atherosclerosis.

Nature·2025

Same author

Erratum to "Neurotropism of alphaherpesviruses is most prominent in the mesiotemporal, piriform and prefrontal cortices in mice". [Neuroscience 584 (2025) 367-381].

Neuroscience·2025

Same author

Neurotropism of alphaherpesviruses is most prominent in the mesiotemporal, piriform and prefrontal cortices in mice.

Neuroscience·2025

Same author

Attenuated but not virulent pseudorabies virus activates porcine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.

Veterinary immunology and immunopathology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Alphaherpes Virus Anterograde Transport and Spread

Live Cell Imaging of Alphaherpes Virus Anterograde Transport and Spread

Published on: August 16, 2013

Herpesvirus assembly: an update.

Thomas C Mettenleiter¹, Barbara G Klupp, Harald Granzow

¹Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany. thomas.mettenleiter@fli.bund.de

|August 5, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Herpesvirales assembly involves complex protein interactions for virion maturation. This review details recent advances in understanding herpes virus nuclear egress and cytoplasmic assembly processes.

More Related Videos

Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

Published on: November 4, 2018

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Live Cell Imaging of Alphaherpes Virus Anterograde Transport and Spread

Live Cell Imaging of Alphaherpes Virus Anterograde Transport and Spread

Published on: August 16, 2013

Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy

Published on: November 4, 2018

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

The order Herpesvirales encompasses diverse animal viruses with a common virion structure.
Herpes virions are complex particles composed of numerous viral and cellular proteins forming the nucleocapsid, envelope, and tegument.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of herpes virion maturation.
To update previous knowledge on herpesvirus morphogenesis, focusing on nuclear egress and cytoplasmic assembly.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent scientific publications on herpesvirion assembly.
Analysis of molecular processes involved in viral genome packaging, nuclear egress, and cytoplasmic maturation.

Main Results:

Herpesvirus assembly involves autocatalytic capsid formation, nuclear egress via membrane budding and fusion, and tegument acquisition in the cytoplasm.
The maturation process requires intricate interactions between viral and cellular proteins, exhibiting significant redundancy.

Conclusions:

Understanding herpesvirion maturation is crucial for comprehending viral replication and pathogenesis.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex protein interactions and redundant mechanisms in herpesvirus assembly.