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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

Advances in osteoporosis imaging.

Jan S Bauer1, Thomas M Link

  • 1Department of Radiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA. jsb@roe.med.tu-muenchen.de

European Journal of Radiology
|August 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Bone imaging techniques beyond bone mineral density (BMD) can better assess osteoporosis and fracture risk. Advanced methods like MRI and CT reveal bone architecture, offering insights into bone strength and treatment effectiveness.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Osteoporosis Research

Background:

  • Bone mineral density (BMD) from DXA is standard for osteoporosis assessment.
  • Bone strength and fracture risk depend on micro-architecture and tissue properties, not just BMD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review radiological techniques for imaging and quantifying bone structure and quality.
  • To highlight advanced methods for in-vivo imaging of trabecular bone architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current and advanced radiological techniques including MRI and CT (Micro-CT).
  • Inclusion of in-vitro and in-vivo studies assessing bone architecture and its relation to bone strength and fracture risk.
  • Discussion of projection radiography and finite element analysis for fracture risk prediction.

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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model
07:12

Semiautomated Longitudinal Microcomputed Tomography-based Quantitative Structural Analysis of a Nude Rat Osteoporosis-related Vertebral Fracture Model

Published on: September 28, 2017

Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population
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Cortical Bone Assessment Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves: A Reproducibility Study in a Healthy Population

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Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model
06:59

Trabecular Bone Microarchitecture Evaluation in an Osteoporosis Mouse Model

Published on: September 8, 2023

Main Results:

  • In-vivo imaging of trabecular bone architecture is increasingly feasible with 3T MRI and Micro-CT.
  • Bone architecture, measured by MRI or CT, is a BMD-independent determinant of bone strength.
  • Trabecular architecture parameters better differentiate patients with and without osteoporotic fractures and are more sensitive to treatment effects than BMD.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced imaging techniques offer superior assessment of osteoporosis and fracture risk compared to BMD alone.
  • Quantification of trabecular architecture provides crucial insights into bone quality and biomechanical properties.
  • Future research directions include MR diffusion/perfusion imaging and spectroscopy for comprehensive bone quality assessment.