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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
08:07

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Published on: April 12, 2019

Osteosarcoma.

Patrick J Messerschmitt1, Ryan M Garcia, Fadi W Abdul-Karim

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|August 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteosarcoma is a common bone cancer in children and adolescents. Current treatments combine chemotherapy and surgery, improving survival rates but highlighting the need for better chemotherapy drugs.

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Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
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Intratibial Osteosarcoma Cell Injection to Generate Orthotopic Osteosarcoma and Lung Metastasis Mouse Models

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Orthopedic Oncology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma is the most frequent bone sarcoma in children and adolescents in the U.S.
  • Diagnosis incidence peaks during the second decade of life.
  • Metastases are present in 20% of patients at diagnosis, with micrometastases suspected in others.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the current standard treatment protocols for osteosarcoma.
  • To review the efficacy of existing treatment strategies.
  • To identify future directions for improving osteosarcoma therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Standard treatment involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection, and adjuvant chemotherapy.
  • Limb-sparing surgery with wide margins is the primary surgical approach.
  • Chemotherapy protocols have advanced, impacting patient survival rates.

Main Results:

  • Current multimodal treatment achieves a 5-year survival rate between 60% and 78%.
  • Limb-salvage surgery is effective for tumor removal while preserving limb function.
  • Chemotherapy has significantly contributed to improved survival outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Multimodal therapy, including chemotherapy and surgery, has improved osteosarcoma survival.
  • Future research should focus on developing more specific and less toxic chemotherapy agents.
  • Enhancing chemotherapeutic agents is crucial for further improving patient outcomes and reducing treatment side effects.