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Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

The anionic coordination polymer {K2[Pt(II)2Ag(I)8(2,2'-bipyridine)2(O2CCF3)14]}n.

Zachary M Hudson¹, Yi Sun, Bryan Ross

¹Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada K7L 3N6.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications

|August 5, 2009

Summary

This study details a novel trimetallic compound, K2[Pt2Ag8(C2F3O2)14(C10H8N2)2], which self-assembles into a 3D extended structure. Key electrostatic and metal-metal interactions dictate its unique solid-state architecture.

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Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Published on: May 28, 2014

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids

Published on: August 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Coordination Chemistry

Background:

The synthesis and structural characterization of novel coordination compounds are crucial for developing new materials.
Understanding the role of electrostatic and metal-metal interactions in supramolecular assembly is a key challenge in chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and elucidate the solid-state structure of a novel trimetallic compound.
To investigate the driving forces behind the formation of its extended three-dimensional network.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of coordination environments and intermolecular interactions (electrostatic and Pt-Pt).

Main Results:

The compound catena-poly[dipotassium(I) [bis(2,2'-bipyridine)di-mu3-trifluoroacetato-dodeca-mu2-trifluoroacetato-diplatinum(II)octasilver(I)]] (K2[Pt2Ag8(C2F3O2)14(C10H8N2)2]) was successfully synthesized.
A 3D extended structure was observed, driven by electrostatic interactions of K+ ions.
Ag(I) ions formed 1D coordination polymers with alternating Ag2 and Ag6 units.
Pt-Pt interactions contributed to long-range order, connecting the polymeric chains.

Conclusions:

The trimetallic compound exhibits a complex 3D architecture governed by a combination of coordination, electrostatic, and metal-metal interactions.
This study highlights the importance of multiple interaction types in directing the self-assembly of inorganic materials.