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Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Neural substrates of mounting temporal expectation.

Jennifer T Coull¹

¹Université de Provence, Marseille, France. jennifer.coull@univ-provence.fr

|August 5, 2009

Summary

This primer explores how the human brain processes timing and expectation, offering new cognitive and neuroanatomical insights into these fundamental brain functions.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Neuroanatomy

Background:

Understanding neural mechanisms of timing and expectation is crucial for cognitive function.
Existing models often lack a comprehensive neuroanatomical basis.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a primer on the cognitive and neuroanatomical underpinnings of timing and expectation representation in the brain.
To synthesize current research on neural circuits involved in temporal processing and predictive coding.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on timing perception and predictive processing.
Integration of findings from neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and lesion studies.
Conceptual framework development linking cognitive functions to brain structures.

Main Results:

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

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Identification of key brain regions and networks involved in temporal prediction.
Elucidation of the interplay between sensory processing, attention, and timing.
Discussion of how expectation modulates neural activity related to time perception.

Conclusions:

Timing and expectation are represented through distributed neural systems.
A neuroanatomical perspective is essential for a complete understanding of these cognitive functions.
This primer offers a foundation for future research into the neural basis of temporal cognition.