Porous scaffolds of polycaprolactone reinforced with in situ generated hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering

Polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) composites were prepared by in situ generation of HA in the polymer solution starting from the precursors calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate via sol-gel process. Highly interconnected porosity was achieved by means of the salt-leaching technique using a mixture of sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate as porogens. Structure and morphology of the PCL/HA composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical properties were determined by means of tensile and compression tests. The possibility to employ the developed composites as scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration was assessed by cytotoxicity test of the PCL/HA composites extracts and cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro studies.