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Retrospective study on necrotizing enteritis in piglets in Switzerland.

M Jäggi¹, N Wollschläger, C Abril

¹Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern CH-3001, Switzerland.

Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde

|August 5, 2009

Summary

Necrotizing enteritis (NE) outbreaks in Swiss piglets are caused by Clostridium perfringens type C strains, not new toxins. This study confirms type C strains are the primary cause of NE in affected pig herds.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Pathology
Microbiology
Animal Health

Background:

Necrotizing enteritis (NE) has re-emerged in Swiss pig farms, prompting investigation into potential new causative agents beyond Clostridium perfringens type C.
Concerns existed that other Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes might be responsible for recent NE outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

To retrospectively investigate the association between NE and specific Clostridium perfringens type C or other toxinotypes.
To determine the etiological agents responsible for NE in piglets in Switzerland.

Main Methods:

Evaluation of pathological lesions in affected piglets.
Analysis of routine diagnostic bacteriology results.
Multiplex real-time PCR on archived intestinal samples from 199 piglets.

Main Results:

Clostridium perfringens type C genotypes were detected in 96.5% of NE cases and 100% of affected herds.
Animals without NE showed a significantly lower detection rate of type C genotypes.
Non-affected piglets frequently harbored beta-2-toxin positive Clostridium perfringens type A strains.

Conclusions:

Recent NE outbreaks in Swiss piglets are attributed to the spread of pathogenic Clostridium perfringens type C strains.
The re-emergence of NE is not due to newly emerging pathogenic toxinotypes.
Clostridium perfringens type C remains the primary pathogen responsible for necrotizing enteritis in this population.