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Related Concept Videos

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit different...
Size-Exclusion Chromatography01:08

Size-Exclusion Chromatography

In size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular-exclusion or gel-permeation chromatography, molecules are separated based on their sizes. This technique is important for separating large molecules such as polymers and biomolecules. The two classes of micron-sized stationary phases encountered in SEC are silica particles and cross-linked polymer resin beads. Both materials are porous, but their pore sizes vary significantly.
Silica particles offer advantages such as rigidity,...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Fast Enzymatic Processing of Proteins for MS Detection with a Flow-through Microreactor
09:49

Fast Enzymatic Processing of Proteins for MS Detection with a Flow-through Microreactor

Published on: April 6, 2016

Progress in microchip enantioseparations.

Stefan Nagl1, Philipp Schulze, Martin Ludwig

  • 1Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Electrophoresis
|August 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Microfluidic chips offer faster, more efficient chiral separations. Research focuses on microchip electrophoresis and electrochromatography for integrated enantioseparation systems.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Microfluidic chips have emerged as powerful tools for chemical analysis.
  • Chiral separations are crucial in pharmaceuticals and chemical synthesis.
  • Traditional methods for chiral separation are often time-consuming and resource-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in microfluidic chip technology for chiral separations from 2003 to early 2009.
  • To highlight the advantages of microchip-based separation techniques.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on microfluidic chips for enantioseparation.
  • Discussion of microchip electrophoresis (ME) and microchip electrochromatography (MEC) techniques.

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Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

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A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells
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A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Fast Enzymatic Processing of Proteins for MS Detection with a Flow-through Microreactor
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Fast Enzymatic Processing of Proteins for MS Detection with a Flow-through Microreactor

Published on: April 6, 2016

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples
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Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples

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A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells
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A Microfluidic Chip for the Versatile Chemical Analysis of Single Cells

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  • Analysis of microchip fabrication, surface chemistry, and detection methods.

    • Main Results:

    • Microfluidic chips offer significant improvements in speed, throughput, and sample/reagent consumption.
    • Microchip electrophoresis is a leading technique for miniaturized enantioseparations.
    • Microchip electrochromatography is gaining popularity for chiral separations.
    • Integration of enantioseparation into multifunctional microchips is a key area of advancement.

    Conclusions:

    • Microfluidic chips represent a significant advancement in chiral separation technology.
    • Continued research in fabrication, chemistry, and detection will further enhance microchip capabilities.
    • The integration of enantioseparation into holistic chemical microchips promises streamlined analytical processes.