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Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

Introduction to Hemostasis

Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized, and...
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...

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TAPE: A Biodegradable Hemostatic Glue Inspired by a Ubiquitous Compound in Plants for Surgical Application
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TAPE: A Biodegradable Hemostatic Glue Inspired by a Ubiquitous Compound in Plants for Surgical Application

Published on: June 8, 2016

A rapidly resorbable hemostatic biomaterial based on dihydroxyacetone.

Peter W Henderson1, Daniel J M Kadouch, Sunil P Singh

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Laboratory for Bioregenerative Medicine and Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part A
|August 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A novel PEGylated, polymerized dihydroxyacetone (MPEG-pDHA) topical hemostatic agent significantly reduced bleeding time and blood loss in a rat liver model. This rapidly resorbable, non-toxic agent shows promise for surgical applications.

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Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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TAPE: A Biodegradable Hemostatic Glue Inspired by a Ubiquitous Compound in Plants for Surgical Application
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Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
10:34

Double Direct Injection of Blood into the Cisterna Magna as a Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Published on: August 30, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Hemostasis Research

Background:

  • Effective topical hemostatic agents are crucial for managing surgical bleeding.
  • Current agents may have limitations in efficacy, resorption time, or toxicity.
  • There is a need for advanced hemostatic materials with rapid action and safe resorption profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel PEGylated, polymerized dihydroxyacetone (MPEG-pDHA) agent as a topical hemostatic agent.
  • To compare the performance of MPEG-pDHA against normal saline and a commercially available hemostatic agent (Instat).
  • To assess the resorption profile and impact on coagulation parameters of MPEG-pDHA.

Main Methods:

  • A rat liver resection model (n=28) was used to assess hemostasis.
  • MPEG-pDHA, normal saline, or Instat were applied to the liver resection margin.
  • Bleeding time, total blood loss, coagulation profiles (PT, aPTT, TCT), and histological resorption were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • MPEG-pDHA significantly reduced bleeding time (97s) and blood loss (1.35g) compared to saline (464s, 3.83g; p<0.05).
  • MPEG-pDHA demonstrated significantly shorter bleeding time compared to Instat (165s; p<0.05).
  • Histology confirmed complete MPEG-pDHA resorption within 3 weeks, with no significant impact on coagulation parameters.

Conclusions:

  • MPEG-pDHA is a highly effective, rapidly acting, and rapidly resorbable topical hemostatic agent.
  • Its non-toxic profile and favorable comparison to existing agents suggest broad applicability in surgery.
  • MPEG-pDHA represents a promising advancement in hemostatic technology for diverse surgical procedures.