Migratory and antigen presentation functions of IFN-producing killer dendritic cells

The CD11c(int) B220(+) NK1.1(+) CD49(+) subset of cells has recently been described as IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDC), which share phenotypic and functional properties with both dendritic cells and natural killer cells. We have previously shown that IKDCs within murine bone marrow-derived DC preparations are essential for the antitumor activity of unpulsed DCs. Here we show that bone marrow-derived IKDCs (BM-IKDC) migrate in vivo into tumors and thence to tumor draining lymph nodes, where they highly express MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. In vitro, freshly isolated BM-IKDCs, fluorescence-activated cell sorted to homogeneity, have no intrinsic antigen presentation function unless cocultured with tumor target cells. On killing of target cells, they can cross-present antigens to stimulate antigen-primed CD8 T cells and can also present antigens to antigen-primed CD4 cells. In vivo, in mice lacking class I-restricted antigen-presenting cell function, robust proliferation of antigen-specific T cells is achieved after adoptive transfer of BM-IKDCs at an injection site distant to the tumor site. Therefore, BM-IKDCs are capable of cytotoxic killing of tumor targets and also of potent antigen presentation after encountering antigen in the context of a viable target cell.