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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)

Published on: June 28, 2017

Flow visualization and flow cytometry with holographic video microscopy.

Fook Chiong Cheong¹, Bo Sun, Rémi Dreyfus

¹Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.

|August 6, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a label-free holographic flow cytometry method for real-time analysis of colloidal particles. The technique accurately measures particle motion, size, and refractive index, detecting molecular coatings without staining.

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Area of Science:

Colloidal science
Optical microscopy
Biophysics

Background:

Holographic microscopy enables 3D particle tracking and characterization.
Real-time analysis of colloidal dynamics is crucial for various scientific applications.
Label-free detection methods are highly desirable for biological and material science.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and demonstrate a near real-time, label-free holographic flow cytometry technique.
To achieve nanometer resolution for tracking colloidal particle motion in 3D.
To measure particle size and refractive index with sufficient resolution to detect molecular-scale surface changes.

Main Methods:

Utilizing an in-line holographic microscope to capture video streams of colloidal particles.
Implementing hardware acceleration and software optimization for near real-time analysis.
Employing an efficient particle identification algorithm for automated holographic tracking and characterization.

Main Results:

Demonstrated tracking of individual colloidal particles' 3D motions with nanometer resolution.
Successfully measured particle sizes and refractive indexes in near real time.
Detected molecular-scale coatings on colloidal spheres, evidenced by avidin-biotin binding detection.

Conclusions:

The developed holographic flow cytometry is a powerful tool for label-free characterization of colloidal particles.
The technique offers high resolution for detecting subtle surface modifications without the need for staining.
This approach facilitates advanced studies in colloidal dynamics, material science, and biological interactions.